CDDA2WAV

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

As cdda2wav implements strategies to work around typical defects on audio CDs it reads many disks that cannot be read by other software. As cdda2wav may be told to use libparanoia (see -paranoia option below) to verify the data that has been read from the medium, it delivers superior quality even if the medium is dusty, scratched or if other problems occur.

As cdda2wav may be directed to write the audio data to stdout, it writes all it's informational output to stderr by default. See out-fd=descriptor option below.

Default settings

Cdda2wav defaults to reead the first audio track from the medium and the default verbose level is set to -vtoc,summary,sectors,titles and cdda2wav by default writes *.inf files. To extract all audio tracks with quality verification, it is recommended to call:

cdda2wav -vall cddb=0 -paranoia -B  

Device naming

The device parameter to the dev= option explained below refers to scsibus/target/lun of the CD/DVD/BluRay-Recorder. If a file /etc/default/cdrecord exists, the parameter to the dev= option may also be a drive name label in said file (see FILES section).

OPTIONS

Informative options

-h

-help

display version information for cdda2wav on standard output.

-version

display version and Copyright information.

Audio options

-a divider

-divider divider

sets rate to 44100Hz / divider. Possible values are listed with the -R option.

The default divider value is 1.

-B

-bulk

-alltracks

copies each track into a separate file.

The default is not to extract all tracks.

-b bits

-bits-per-sample bits

sets bits per sample per channel: 8, 12 or 16.

The default is 16 bits per sample.

-c channels

-channels channels

use:

1

for mono recording

2

for stereo recording

s

for stereo recording with both channels swapped

The default is to do stereo recording.

-C endianess

-cdrom-endianess endianess

sets endianess of the input samples to 'little', 'big', 'machine' or 'guess' to override defaults. The value 'machine' or 'host' is evaluated as the actual byte order of the host CPU in the current OS.

The default is to detect cdrom endianess automatically.

-cuefile

Create a CDRWIN compatible CUE file. A CUE file that completely follows the CDRWIN documentation can only be used to create 1:1 copies if there is a single file with audio data for the whole disk. The *.inf file format implements more audio CD features than the CDRWIN CUE format and it allows to create 1:1 copies if there is one audio data file per track. Use the CUE file format for meta data only if you really need this format.

To allow cdda2wav to create CUE files, you must also specify -t all to switch cdda2wav into a mode that creates a single audio data file for the whole CD.

-T

-deemphasize

undo the effect of pre-emphasis in the input samples.

The default is to keep the audio data in the same state as on the medium and to mark the pre-emphasis state in the *.inf files.

-L cddb mode

-cddb cddb mode

does a cddbp album- and track title lookup based on the cddb id. The parameter cddb mode defines how multiple entries shall be handled.

Parameter Description -1 disable cddb queries. This is the default. 0 interactive mode. The user selects the entry to use. 1 first fit mode. The first entry is taken unconditionally.

cddbp-server=servername

sets the server to be contacted for title lookups.

cddbp-port=portnumber

sets the port number to be used for title lookups.

-d duration

-duration duration

sets recording time in seconds or frames. Frames (sectors) are indicated by a 'f' suffix (like 75f for 75 sectors). 0 sets the time for whole track.

The default is to extract the whole track.

-E endianess

-output-endianess endianess

sets endianess of the output samples to 'little', 'big' or 'machine' to override the default which is 'network byte order' (big endian). The value 'machine' or 'host' is evaluated as the actual byte order of the host CPU in the current OS.

-F

-find-extremes

finds extreme amplitudes in samples.

-G

-find-mono

finds if input samples are in mono.

-g

-gui

formats the output to be better parsable by gui frontends.

-H

-no-infofile

does not write an info file, a cddb file and no cdtext file.

-i index

-index index

selects the start index.

-J

-info-only

does not write to a file, it just gives information about the disc.

-M

-md5

enables calculation of MD-5 checksum for all audio bytes from the beginning of a track. The audio header is skipped when calculating the MD-5 checksum to allow to compare MD-5 sums even for files with different header type.

-m

-mono

sets to mono recording.

-no-hidden-track

Ignore hidden tracks on the CD. By default, cdda2wav checks whether there might be a hidden track before track 1. This check may take a few seconds and thus can be disabled with -no-hidden-track.

-N

-no-write

does not write to a file, it just reads (e.g. for debugging purposes). If this option is used together with the -e option, the CD is read and the audio content is played back to the sound device without creating output files with audio data.

-no-textdefaults

By default, cdda2wav replaces empty CD-Text fields from tracks by the related CD-Text fiel for the whole CD in case this is defined. If the option -no-textdefaults is used, cdda2wav leaves the track related CD-Text fields empty in such a case.

-no-textfile

If cdda2wav encounters useful CD-Text information on the CD, it writes a .cdtext file. The option -no-textfile allows to suppress the creation of the .cdtext file.

-o offset

-offset offset

starts offset sectors behind start track (one sector equivalents 1/75 seconds).

-O audiotype

-output-format audiotype

can be wav (for wav files) or aiff (for apple/sgi aiff files) or aifc (for apple/sgi aifc files) or au or sun (for sun .au PCM files) or cdr or raw (for headerless files to be used for cd writers).

The default output format is now wav for all platforms as this file format has become the most common format. Note that former versions of cdda2wav made an exception and by default did create au type files on Solaris.

-p percentage

-playback-realtime percentage

changes pitch of audio data copied to sound device.

-P sectors

-set-overlap sectors

sets the initial number of overlap sectors for jitter correction in non-paranoia mode. Note that overlapped reads re handled differently in paranoia mode.

The default overlap in non-paranoia mode is 1.

-paranoia

use the paranoia library as a filter on top of cdda2wav's routines for reading. In paranoia mode, the latency time for the -interactive mode is increased to typically 5..10 seconds. This is caused by the fact that the paranoia code reads anything at least twice and in between needs to take care of emptying the cache RAM of the CD-ROM drive.

If the paranoia mode is used, cdda2wav displays some quality statistics for each extracted track. The following items appear in the list:

Value Description rderr Number of hard read errors skip Number of sectors skipped due to exhausted retries atom Number of intra sector jitters (frame jitters) detected edge Number of jitters between sectors detected drop Number of dropped bytes fixed dup Number of duplicate bytes fixed drift Number of drifts detected overlap Number of dynamic overlap size raises

-paraopts=list

List is a comma separated list of suboptions passed to the paranoia library.

Option Description help lists all paranoia options. disable disables paranoia mode. Libparanoia is still being used no-verify switches verify off, and static overlap on retries=amount set the number of maximum retries per sector overlap=amount set the number of sectors used for statical paranoia overlap minoverlap=amt set the min. number of sectors for dynamic paranoia overlap maxoverlap=amt set the max. number of sectors for dynamic paranoia overlap proof set maxoverlap=sectors-per-request-1,retries=200

-q

-quiet

quiet operation, no screen output.

-r rate

-rate rate

sets rate in samples per second. Possible values are listed with the -R option.

-R

-dump-rates

shows a list of all sample rates and their dividers.

-S speed

-speed speed

sets the cdrom device to one of the selectable speeds for reading. For maximum extraction quality, it is recommended to use speed values of 8 or below.

The default is to extract at maximum speed.

-s

-stereo

sets to stereo recording.

-start-sector sector

set an absolute start sector. This option is mutually exclusive to -track and -offset.

-t track[+endtrack]

-track track[+endtrack]

-track track+max

-track all

selects the start track and optionally the end track. If -t all is used, all audio tracks are selected. If -t 2+max is used, all audio tracks starting with track 2 are selected.

-v itemlist

-verbose-level itemlist

Retrieves and prints verbose information about the CD. Level is a list of comma separated suboptions. Each suboption controls the type of information to be reported.

Suboption Description ! invert the meaning of the following string not invert the meaning of the following string disable no information is given, warnings appear however all all information is given toc show table of contents summary show a summary of the recording parameters indices determine and display index offsets catalog retrieve and display the media catalog number MCN mcn retrieve and display the media catalog number MCN trackid retrieve and display all Intern. Standard Recording Codes ISRC isrc retrieve and display all Intern. Standard Recording Codes ISRC sectors show the table of contents in start sector notation titles show the table of contents with track titles (when available) audio-tracks list the audio tracks and their start sectors

The default value for the verbose-level is toc,summary,sectors,titles .

-w

-wait

waits for signal, then start recording.

-x

-max

sets maximum (CD) quality.

SCSI options

dev=device

-D device

-device device

uses device as the source for CDDA reading. For example /dev/cdrom for the cooked_ioctl interface and Bus,ID,Lun for the generic_scsi interface. The device has to correspond with the interface setting if given (see -I and -interface option below).

If no -I or -interface option has been specified, the interface setting is derived from the device name syntax. A device name that is in the form Bus,ID,Lun or contains a colon (':') defaults to the generic_scsi interface.

Using the cooked_ioctl is not recommended as this makes cdda2wav mainly depend on the audio extraction quality of the operating system which is usually extremely bad. For this reason, avoid using parameters like dev=/dev/cdrom for the device.

The setting of the environment variable CDDA_DEVICE is overridden by this option.

If no dev= option is present, or if the dev= option only contains a transport specifyer but no address, cdda2wav tries to scan the SCSI address space for CD-ROM drives. If exactly one is found, this is used by default.

For more information, see the description of the dev= option from cdrecord(1).

debug=#

debug-scsi=#

Set the debug level for the libscg SCSI OS abstraction layer.

kdebug=#

kdebug-scsi=#

kd=#

Set the kernel debug level for the kernel driver called by the libscg SCSI OS abstraction layer. This option is not supported on all platforms.

-scanbus

Scan all SCSI devices on all SCSI busses and print the inquiry strings. This option may be used to find SCSI address of the CD/DVD-Recorder on a system. The numbers printed out as labels are computed by: bus * 100 + target

ts=#

Set the maximum transfer size for a single SCSI command to #. The syntax for the ts= option is the same as for cdrecord fs=# or sdd bs=#.

If no ts= option has been specified, cdda2wav defaults to a transfer size of 3 MB. If libscg gets lower values from the operating system, the value is reduced to the maximum value that is possible with the current operating system. Sometimes, it may help to further reduce the transfer size or to enhance it, but note that it may take a long time to find a better value by experimenting with the ts= option.

Some operating systems return wrong values for the maximum transfer size. If the transfer totally hangs or resets occur, it may be appropriate to reduce the transfer size to less than 64 kB or even less than 32 kB.

-V

-verbose-scsi

enable SCSI command logging to the console. This is mainly used for debugging.

-Q

-silent-scsi

suppress SCSI command error reports to the console. This is mainly used for guis.

OS Interface options

-A auxdevice

-auxdevice auxdevice

uses auxdevice as CDROM drive to allow to send the CDROMMULTISESSION ioctl on Linux although the generic_scsi interface is in use.

-I interface

-interface interface

specifies the interface to use for accessing the CDROM:

generic_scsi

for sending SCSI commands directly to the drive.

cooked_ioctl

for using the programming interface supplied by the OS kernel.

The latter is not recommended as it gives lower quality and only works on a limited number of platforms.

-interactive

Go into interactive mode that reads commands from stdin and writes the textual replies to stderr, or the file descriptor that has been specified by the out-fd option. This mode has been introduced mainly to allow cdrecord to be called by gstreamer plugins.

If cdda2wav was called with the option -interactive, it reads the TOC from the medium and then waits for command input as if it has been issued a stop command. If the next command is a cont command, then cdda2wav extracts the whole audio part of the medium. If the next command is a read command, then cdda2wav starts extracting from the position that was indicated by the read command parameter.

Command Parameters Description cont continue processing at current position exit exit processing help print command help and wait for input quit exit processing read sectors sector number read sectors starting from sector number read tracks track number read sectors starting from track number stop stop processing and wait for new input

out-fd=descriptor

Redirect informational output to the file descriptor named by descriptor. The parameter descriptor specifies a UNIX file descriptor number. By default, cdda2wav sends informational output to stderr. Redirecting the informational output to a different file descriptor helps gui's and other programs that call cdda2wav via pipes.

audio-fd=descriptor

In case that the file name for the audio data file is "-", redirect audio output to the file descriptor named by descriptor. The parameter descriptor specifies a UNIX file descriptor number. By default, cdda2wav sends audio data to stdout if the output is not directed into a file. Redirecting the audio output to a different file descriptor helps gui's and other programs that call cdda2wav via pipes.

-no-fork

Do not fork for extended buffering. If -no-fork is used and cdda2wav is used to play back audio CDs in paranoia mode, the playback is not always uninterrupted due to lack of buffering. On the other side, allowing cdda2wav to fork will increase the latency time for the -interactive mode.

-e

-echo

copies audio data to sound device from the operating system e.g. /dev/dsp.

sound-device=sounddevice

set an alternate sound device to use for -e.

-n sectors

-sectors-per-request sectors

reads sectors per request.

-l buffers

-buffers-in-ring buffers

uses a ring buffer with buffers total.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Some defaults for cdda2wav are compiled in and depend on the Makefile others on the environment variable settings.

CDDA_DEVICE

is used to set the device name. The device naming is compatible with cdrecord(1).

CDDBP_SERVER

is used for cddbp title lookups when supplied.

CDDBP_PORT

is used for cddbp title lookups when supplied.

RSH

If the RSH environment variable is present, the remote connection will not be created via rcmd(3) but by calling the program pointed to by RSH. Use e.g. RSH=/usr/bin/ssh to create a secure shell connection.

Note that this forces cdda2wav to create a pipe to the rsh(1) program and disallows cdda2wav to directly access the network socket to the remote server. This makes it impossible to set up performance parameters and slows down the connection compared to a root initiated rcmd(3) connection.

RSCSI

If the RSCSI environment variable is present, the remote SCSI server will not be the program /opt/schily/sbin/rscsi but the program pointed to by RSCSI. Note that the remote SCSI server program name will be ignored if you log in using an account that has been created with a remote SCSI server program as login shell.

EXIT STATUS

DISCUSSION

cdda2wav stands for CDDA to WAV (where CDDA stands for compact disc digital audio and WAV is a sound sample format introduced by MS Windows). It allows copying CDDA audio data from the CDROM drive into a file in WAV or other formats.

Some versions of cdda2wav may try to get higher real-time scheduling priorities to ensure smooth (uninterrupted) operation. These priorities are available for super users and are higher than those of 'normal' processes. Thus delays are minimized.

If you only have one CDROM and it is loaded with an audio CD, you may simply invoke cdda2wav and it will create the sound file audio.wav recording the whole track beginning with track 1 in stereo at 16 bit at 44100 Hz sample rate, if your file system has enough space free. Otherwise recording time will be limited. For details see files README and README.INSTALL.

If you have more then one CD-ROM type drive in the system, you need to specify the dev= option.  

HINTS ON OPTIONS

Most of the options are used to control the format of the WAV file. In the following text most of them are discussed in a more verbose way.  

Select Device

Select Auxiliary device

Select Interface

Enable echo to soundcard

cdda2wav -q -e -t2 -d0 -N

to play the whole second track or

cdda2wav -q -e -B -N

to play the whole disk. This feature reduces the recording speed to at most onefold speed.  

Change pitch of echoed audio

Select mono or stereo recording

Select maximum quality

Select sample quality

Select sample rate

Select sample rate divider

To make the sound smoother at lower sampling rates, cdda2wav sums over n samples (where n is the specific dividend). So for 22050 Hertz output we have to sum over 2 samples, for 900 Hertz we have to sum over 49 samples. This cancels higher frequencies. Standard sector size of an audio CD (ignoring additional information) is 2352 Bytes. In order to finish summing for an output sample at sector boundaries the rates above have to be chosen. Arbitrary sampling rates in high quality would require some interpolation scheme, which needs much more sophisticated programming.  

List a table of all sampling rates

Select start track and optionally end track

Select start index

Set recording duration

Recording time is defined as the time the generated sample will play (at the defined sample rate). Since it's related to the amount of generated samples, it's not the time of the sampling process itself (which can be less or more). It's neither strictly coupled with the time information on the audio CD (shown by your hifi CD player). Differences can occur by the usage of the -o option (see below). Notice that recording time will be shortened, unless enough disk space exists. Recording can be aborted at anytime by pressing the break character (signal SIGQUIT).  

Record all tracks of a complete audio CD in separate files

Set start sector offset

Wait for signal option

Find extreme samples

Find if input samples are in mono

Undo the pre-emphasis in the input samples

Set audio format

Select cdrom drive reading speed

Enable MD5 checksums

Use Monty's libparanoia for reading of sectors

PARANOIA_MODE_FULL, but without PARANOIA_MODE_NEVERSKIP

for details see Monty's libparanoia documentation. In this case the option -P has no effect.  

Do linear or overlapping reading of sectors

Set the transfer size

Set number of ring buffer elements

Set endianess of input samples

Set endianess of output samples

Verbose option

help

Print a summary of possible members of the diffopts list.

!

Invert the meaning of the following string. No comma is needed after the exclamation mark.

not

Invert the meaning of all members in the diffopts list i.e. exclude all present options from an initially complete set compare list. When using csh(1) you might have problems to use ! due to its strange parser. This is why the not alias exists.

disable

disables verbosity

all

all information is given

toc

displays the table of contents

summary

displays a summary of recording parameters

indices

invokes the index scanner and displays start positions of indices

catalog

retrieves and displays a media catalog number

trackid

retrieves and displays international standard recording codes

sectors

displays track start positions in absolute sector notation

To combine several requests just list the suboptions separated with commas.  

The table of contents

The track column holds the track number. preemphasis shows if that track has been given a non linear frequency response. NOTE: You can undo this effect with the -T option. copy-permitted indicates if this track is allowed to copy. tracktype can be data or audio. On multimedia CDs (except hidden track CDs) both of them should be present. channels is defined for audio tracks only. There can be two or four channels.  

No file output

No infofile generation

Generation of simple output for gui frontends

Verbose SCSI logging

Quiet option

Just show information option

CDDBP support

Lookup album and track titles option

0

interactive mode, the user chooses one of the entries.

1

take the first entry without asking.

Set server for title lookups

Set portnumber for title lookups

HINTS ON USAGE

If your hardware is fast enough to run cdda2wav uninterrupted and your CD drive is one of the 'perfect' ones, you will gain speed when switching all overlap sampling off with the -P 0 option. Further fine tuning can be done with the -n sectors option. You can specify how much sectors should be requested in one go.

Cdda2wav supports pipes. Use a filename of - to let cdda2wav output its samples to standard output.

Conversion to other sound formats can be done using the sox program package (although the use of sox -x to change the byte order of samples should be no more necessary; see option -E to change the output byteorder).

If you want to sample more than one track into different files in one run, this is currently possible with the -B option. When recording time exceeds the track limit a new file will be opened for the next track.  

FILES

Audio files:

There are audio files containing samples with default extensions .wav, .au, .aifc, .aiff, and .cdr according to the selected sound format. These files are not generated when option (-N) is given. Multiple files may be written when the bulk copy option (-B) is used. Individual file names can be given as arguments. If the number of file names given is sufficient to cover all included audio tracks, the file names will be used verbatim. Otherwise, if there are less file names than files needed to write the included tracks, the part of the file name before the extension is extended with '_dd' where dd represents the current track number.  

Cddb and Cdindex files:

If cdda2wav detects cd-extra or cd-text (album/track) title information, then .cddb, .cdindex and .cdtext files are generated unless suppressed by the option -H. They contain suitable formatted entries for submission to audio cd track title databases in the internet. The CDINDEX and CDDB(tm) systems are currently supported. For more information please visit www.musicbrainz.org and www.freedb.com.  

Inf files:

The inf files are describing the sample files and the part from the audio cd, it was taken from. They are a means to transfer information to a cd burning program like cdrecord. For example, if the original audio cd had pre-emphasis enabled, and cdda2wav -T did remove the pre-emphasis, then the inf file has pre-emphasis not set (since the audio file does not have it anymore), while the .cddb and the .cdindex have pre-emphasis set as the original does.  

WARNING

BUGS

The resampling (rate conversion code) uses polynomial interpolation, which is not optimal.

Cdda2wav should use threads.

Cdda2wav currently cannot sample hidden audio tracks that reside in track #1 index 0.  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHOR

2004-today:

Joerg Schilling
Seestr. 110
D-13353 Berlin
Germany

DATE

INTERFACE STABILITY

Index

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Default settings

Device naming

OPTIONS

Informative options

Audio options

SCSI options

OS Interface options

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

EXIT STATUS

DISCUSSION

HINTS ON OPTIONS

Select Device

Select Auxiliary device

Select Interface

Enable echo to soundcard

Change pitch of echoed audio

Select mono or stereo recording

Select maximum quality

Select sample quality

Select sample rate

Select sample rate divider

List a table of all sampling rates

Select start track and optionally end track

Select start index

Set recording duration

Record all tracks of a complete audio CD in separate files

Set start sector offset

Wait for signal option

Find extreme samples

Find if input samples are in mono

Undo the pre-emphasis in the input samples

Set audio format

Select cdrom drive reading speed

Enable MD5 checksums

Use Monty's libparanoia for reading of sectors

Do linear or overlapping reading of sectors

Set the transfer size

Set number of ring buffer elements

Set endianess of input samples

Set endianess of output samples

Verbose option

The table of contents

No file output

No infofile generation

Generation of simple output for gui frontends

Verbose SCSI logging

Quiet option

Just show information option

CDDBP support

Lookup album and track titles option

Set server for title lookups

Set portnumber for title lookups

HINTS ON USAGE

FILES

Audio files:

Cddb and Cdindex files:

Inf files:

WARNING

BUGS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHOR

DATE

INTERFACE STABILITY